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Require that developers of the most powerful AI systems share their safety test results and other critical information with the U.S.government.In accordance with the Defense Production Act,the Order will require that companies developing any foundation model that poses a serious risk to national security,national economic security,or national public health and safety must notify the federal government when training the model,and must share the results of all red-team safety tests.These measures will ensure AI systems are safe,secure,and trustworthy before companies make them public.Develop standards,tools,and tests to help ensure that AI systems are safe,secure,and trustworthy.The National Institute of Standards and Technology will set the rigorous standards for extensive red-team testing to ensure safety before public release.The Department of Homeland Security will apply those standards to critical infrastructure sectors and establish the AI Safety and Security Board.The Departments of Energy and Homeland Security will also address AI systems’ threats to critical infrastructure,as well as chemical,biological,radiological,nuclear,and cybersecurity risks.Together,these are the most significant actions ever taken by any government to advance the field of AI safety.Protect against the risks of using AI to engineer dangerous biological materials by developing strong new standards for biological synthesis screening.Agencies that fund life-science projects will establish these standards as a condition of federal funding,creating powerful incentives to ensure appropriate screening and manage risks potentially made worse by AI.Protect Americans from AI-enabled fraud and deception by establishing standards and best practices for detecting AI-generated content and authenticating official content.The Department of Commerce will develop guidance for content authentication and watermarking to clearly label AI-generated content.Federal agencies will use these tools to make it easy for Americans to know that the communications they receive from their government are authentic—and set an example for the private sector and governments around the world.

transformative developments yet tocome.27LLMs provide substantial opportunities to transformthe economy and society.For example,LLMs can automate the process of writing code andTransport apps like Google Maps,and CityMapper,use AI.Artificial Intelligence in Banking Industry:A Review on Fraud Detection,Credit Management,and Document Processing,ResearchBerg Review of Science and Technology,2018.Accelerating fusion science through learned plasma control,Deepmind,2022; Magnetic control of tokamak plasmasthrough deep reinforcement learning,Degrave et al.,2022.Why Artificial Intelligence Could Speed Drug Discovery,Morgan Stanley,2022.AI Is Essential for Solving the Climate Crisis,BCG,2022.General Purpose Technologies – Handbook of Economic Growth,National Bureau of Economic Research,2005.The UK Science and Technology Framework,Department for Science,Innovation and Technology,2023.In 2022 annual revenues generated by UK AI companies totalled an estimated £10.6 billion.AI Sector Study 2022,DSIT,2023.DSIT analysis estimates over 50,000 full time workers are employed in AI roles in AI companies.AI Sector Study 2022,DSIT,2023.For example,AI can potentially improve health and safety in mining while also improving efficiency.See AI on-side:howartificial intelligence is being used to improve health and safety in mining,Axora,2023.Box 1.1 gives further examples of AIdriving efficiency improvements.Large Language Models Will Define Artificial Intelligence,Forbes,2023; Scaling Language Models:Methods,Analysis &Insights from Training Gopher,Borgeaud et al.,2022.A pro-innovation approach to AI regulationfixing programming bugs.The technology can support genetic medicine by identifying linksbetween genetic sequences and medical conditions.It can support people to review and

Risks to societal wellbeingDisinformation generated and propagated by AI could undermine access to reliableinformation and trust in democratic institutions and processes.The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence,Malicious AI Report,2018.Constitutional Challenges in the Algorithmic Society,Micklitz et al.,2022.Smart Speakers and Voice Assistants,CDEI,2019; Deepfakes and Audiovisual disinformation,CDEI,2019.Artificial Intelligence,Human Rights,Democracy and the Rule of Law,Leslie et al.,2021.Government has already committed to addressing some of these issues more broadly.See,for example,the InclusiveBritain report,Race Disparity Unit,2022.A pro-innovation approach to AI regulationRisks to securityAI tools can be used to automate,accelerate and magnify the impact of highlytargeted cyber attacks,increasing the severity of the threat from malicious actors.The emergence of LLMs enableshackers48with little technical knowledge or skill togenerate phishing campaigns with malware delivery